Key Stakeholder Message: Dr. Jaima Nooren Zia

Dr. Jaima Nooren Zia
Master of Public Health (MPH)
Department of Public Health
North South University

Urbanization plays an important role in Bangladesh’s social and economic development. Cities, particularly Dhaka, attract people from rural areas because of better employment, education, healthcare, and essential services. However, rapid population growth and unplanned urban expansion place increasing pressure on housing, transportation, the environment, and public health. High population density is a major challenge. Employment does not always guarantee financial security, and rising rent, food, and transportation costs strain urban households. Low-income families may live in overcrowded settlements with inadequate ventilation, sanitation, and safe water, contributing to health inequalities.

Environmental pollution is another serious concern. Air pollution from traffic, construction, and industry can contribute to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, while poor waste management and contaminated water increase the risk of infectious diseases. Physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and polluted environments also contribute to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Improving environmental conditions is therefore essential for urban health. Cities also offer healthcare advantages, with more hospitals, specialists, and diagnostic centres than many rural areas. However, access is unequal: high costs, traffic congestion, and variable quality may prevent low-income people from receiving timely care. Strengthening affordable primary healthcare and preventive services is essential. Children and adolescents are particularly affected by the lack of open spaces. Dense settlement has reduced opportunities for outdoor play, which can lower physical fitness, increase the risk of unhealthy weight gain, and contribute to stress and isolation. Protecting green spaces and developing accessible recreational facilities should be a public health priority. Education is another urban advantage. Cities offer a wider range of schools, universities, and training opportunities, which can improve health awareness and support informed decisions, although affordability determines who benefits. Road traffic accidents are also a significant concern. Heavy traffic, unsafe crossings, and inadequate footpaths increase injuries and fatalities, and cause psychological distress and financial hardship for families. Safer roads, better traffic management, and public awareness are essential. To recapitulate, urban life in Bangladesh offers both opportunities and challenges. Better education, healthcare, and employment coexist with pollution, high living costs, overcrowded housing, limited recreational space, and road safety risks. Addressing these issues requires collaboration among public health professionals, urban planners, local authorities, and communities. A healthy city should not only promote economic growth but also give every resident a fair opportunity to live a safe, healthy, and dignified life.